Prevalence and risk factors of food insecurity among older persons in Ilorin metropolis, Kwara state, Nigeria

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Older persons are more vulnerable to food insecurity due to factors such as retirement and loss of income, social isolation, inadequate social safety nets, and declining health status. This study assessed the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors of food insecurity among older persons in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 269 eligible respondents selected using a multistage sampling technique between May and November 2024. The study tool was adapted from the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and administered via electronic questionnaire. HFIAS consists of 9 questions, graded 0 to 3, to determine the presence of food insecurity. Data were analyzed using STATA 11.0. Descriptive and inferential analyses were conducted, and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained.

RESULTS: Mean age was 71.0±8.4 years. About 44% live in an urban setting, while more than two-thirds have fewer than six people per household. Most respondents (72.6%) earn less than 50,000 naira monthly. Most respondents (94.1%) were food insecure. Age (p=0.015) and place of residence (p=0.008) were significant risk factors associated with food insecurity. Age, place of residence, wealth index, number per household, average monthly income and BMI were predictors of food insecurity.

CONCLUSION: The study revealed high levels of food insecurity among older persons, indicating it's a multifactorial issue influenced by various socio-economic factors. These results underscore the need for targeted interventions that address identified risk factors among older adults.