Knowledge, perception, and preventive practices against hepatitis b virus infection among young adults in selected local government areas of Lagos Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global health concern, with Nigeria facing persistent transmission due to limited knowledge and poor preventive practices. Young adults are a critical population for intervention. This study assessed knowledge, perception, and preventive practices related to HBV infection among young adults in Lagos, Nigeria

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from April 12 to July 10, 2025, involving 1,113 young adults aged 18–35 years across three Local Government Areas in Lagos State. Multi-stage sampling was employed, and data were collected using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Outcomes included knowledge, perception, and preventive practices. Data were analysed using SPSS version 30, with significance set at p < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained from the Lagos University Teaching Hospital Health Research Ethics Committee.

Results: Respondents’ mean age was 25.7 years (SD = 5.29); most were male (52.9%) and had a tertiary education (57%). Good knowledge was demonstrated by 67.1%, positive perceptions by 81.5%, and good preventive practices by 43.8%. Although 82.5% were aware of HBV, 76% had not been screened, and 84.9% had not been vaccinated. Lack of knowledge of vaccination sites was the main barrier (61.6%). Educational attainment was significantly associated with knowledge (p = 0.006), perception (p < 0.001), and preventive practices (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Despite high knowledge and positive perceptions, preventive practices remain inadequate. Strengthening vaccination programs, expanding screening, and addressing barriers to vaccination access are essential to reduce HBV transmission in Nigeria.