The Role of Social Support, Anxiety, And Depression Among Pregnant Women in Primary Health Care Centres in Amuwo-Odofin LGA, Lagos State

Abstract

Background: Antenatal depression and anxiety are prevalent in low- and middleincome countries, but the link with social support is under-researched. This study examined the role of perceived social support, anxiety, and depression among pregnant women attending Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs) in Amuwo-Odofin LGA, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 281 pregnant women at PHCCs was conducted between January and March 2023 using a multistage sampling method. Participants, who had no diagnosed mental or chronic illnesses and provided informed consent, were evaluated for anxiety, perceived social support, and depression using established scales. Data analysis using IBM SPSS included descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple linear regression at the p < 0.05 significance level. The Babcock University Health Research Ethics Committee granted ethical approval.

Results: Most participants were aged 29–35 years. Results indicated moderate anxiety (13.55 ± 5.7), strong social support (34.61 ± 3.14), and minimal depression (10.10 ± 3.8). Anxiety had a weak positive, non-significant association with depression (r = 0.114, p = 0.056), and social support showed a very weak negative correlation (r = –0.049, p = 0.414). Together, anxiety and social support explained only 1.6% of the variance in depression. Anxiety emerged as a borderline predictor of depression (B = 0.08, p = 0.051), while social support was not (B = –0.07, p = 0.367). No associations between income, anxiety, and depression.

Conclusion: Strengthening routine maternal mental health services within PHCCs is recommended to promote antenatal well-being in Amuwo-Odofin, Lagos State.