Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Fasting Glucose Among Residents in a Rural Community in South-South Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance have become significant global health issues. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in a rural community in Edo State.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 310 residents of Irrua, Esan Central Local Government Area, Edo State, from February to October 2023. The respondents were selected using a multi-stage sampling method. Using the modified WHO STEPS tool for chronic diseases, anthropometric measurements and standard glucose level assessments were performed in stages, and data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 22.0. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of glucose intolerance, with a p-value of <0.05 indicating statistical significance. Ethical approval was obtained for the study.

Results: Out of 310 recruited for the study, 206 (66.5%) were females. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 58.9 (+13.5) years. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose was 1.3% (Males, 1.0%; females, 1.4%). The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was 10.3%. Females had a higher rate of DM than males (13.6% vs. 3.8%), a statistically significant difference (p = 0.008). Factors associated with glucose intolerance included increased weight (OR=0.929, CI=0.883-0.978), body mass index (OR=1.195, CI=1.064-0.343), waist circumference (OR=2.401, CI=1.025-5.622), and alcohol consumption (OR=0.399, CI=0.183-0.870).

Conclusion: A greater number of females were diagnosed with DM in the study. Health authorities should promote health-promoting and disease prevention initiatives that focus on healthy lifestyles and dietary habits, with particular emphasis on women.